Therefore, a non-GM plant infected with CaMV could be incorrectly identified as a genetically modified organism (GMO). However, it is known that CaMV infection of non-GM plants can yield false-positive results from GM plant detection assays, due to the presence of the P35S region in both the CaMV genome and many GM crops. Towards distinguishing Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) infection from genetic modification (GM) in crop plants: detection assays and biology, management, and food safety of CaMV. To comply with GM crop legislation and respect consumer transparency, reliable GM plant detection methods have been developed, mostly focused on P35S and TNOS (Bak A, Emerson JB. Indeed, according to studies published in 2014вЂ“2015, P35S and TNOS are used in 65.7 and 53.49% of all commercialized GM crops, respectively, and either or both were used in 81.4% of all GM events, indicating that most GM plants can be detected by methods that target P35S and TNOS. Most of the engineered genetic constructs in GM plants are built with the 35S promoter (P35S) from Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (CaMV) and the NOS terminator (TNOS) derived from the soil-borne bacterium, Agrobacterium tumefaciens. This assay was able to distinguish CaMV-infected plants from GM plants in a single multiplexed qPCR reaction for all samples tested in this study, suggesting that this protocol is broadly applicable and readily transferrable to any interested parties with a qPCR platform.ДЄ genetically modified (GM) plant possesses genetic material that has been modified in order to introduce a new gene or trait to the plant, for example herbicide resistance, disease resistance, or insect tolerance. The limit of detection (LOD) of each target was determined to be 1% for actin, 0.001% for P35S, and 0.01% for both P3 and TNOS. We tested the specificity of our quadruplex qPCR assay using different DNA extracts from organic watercress and both organic and GM canola, all with and without CaMV infection, and by using commercial and industrial samples. Following initial testing and optimization via PCR and singleplex-to-multiplex qPCR on both plasmid and plant DNA, TaqMan qPCR probes with different fluorescence wavelengths were designed to target actin (a positive-control plant gene), P35S, P3 (a CaMV-specific gene), and TNOS. Here we report the development of an assay designed to distinguish CaMV-infected plants from GM plants in a single multiplexed quantitative PCR (qPCR) reaction. However, because the P35S promoter is derived from CaMV, these detection assays can yield false-positives from non-GM plants infected by this naturally-occurring virus. Assays designed to detect GM plants often target the P35S and/or TNOS DNA sequences.

Most genetically modified (GM) plants contain a promoter, P35S, from the plant virus, Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV), and many have a terminator, TNOS, derived from the bacterium, Agrobacterium tumefaciens.

Tera avg false positive